Method of making valves



LILQQ'? A. c. WEBSTER METHOD OF MAKING VALVES Fildv Nov. 15, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 v 5 K\\ w w N mm, 28,1926. mum? A. C. WEBSTER METHOD OF MAKING VALVES Filed NOV. 15, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 alto-um Patented Dec. 28, 1926.

UNITED STATES.

ARVIN C. WEBSTER, OF DETROI'I, MICHIGAN.

METHOD OFv MAKING VALVES.

Application filed November 15, 1922. ,SerialN 601,189.

' particularly to valves of the type generally used in internal combustion engines for the purpose of regulating the passage of combustible and exhaust gases.

combustion engines, particularly in what is known as high speed engines, is such that the ordinary valve constructed with a cast iron head and a steel stem, or with similar materials, is highly unfit because of the.

erosion which takes place due to the burning or oxidation of the valve head.

It has been the practice in the construction of high speed motors to provide valve stems forged from what is known as high speed steel for the sole reason that such high speed steel is affected to avery small degree by oxidation. Other practices have been to use other known non-oxidizing, rust proof and stainless steels, forged into valves. a

It can readily be seen that both of the above practices are very expensive and do not permit of quantity production without a large outlay of labor and equipment.

It is the primary purpose of my invention to provide means whereby valves may be constructed of non-oxidizing, rust proof and stainless steels, as well as other materials which may be found to be suitable, by means of cold-heading and extruding operations whereby quantity production with a very small outlay for labor and equipment may behad and valves of excellent quality reproduced. My invention is not limited to the use of any particular material in the construction of said valves but purposes to improve the present method of makin valves by introducing improved designs a)? valves to facilitate rapid production and also to makepossible eflicient use of the most suitable materials which are to be found for use in valve construction.

With these and other objects in view, my

invention consists in the arrangement, com

- bination. and construction of the various parts of .my improved devices and the brought togethenfor such. formation.

The service which is demanded of internal,

Fig. 2 is a similar Viewafter said punch and d1e have been brought together.

F 1g. 3 is a side elevation of a valve constructed in accordance with my invention before it has been machined. r

vFig. 4. is a similar view after the valve has been machined.

Fig. 5 is a top or plan view of avalve ponstructed in accordance with my inven- Fig. 6 is an elevation partly in section of a punch and die used in constructing a modification of my improved val ve.

F1g.7'is a side elevation partly in section of a modified form of valve.

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the .finish'ed product of such modified form of valve with a portionof the stem broken away. i

Fig. 9 is a top or plan view of such modified form.

Fig. 10 is an elevation showing the method of forming the valve stem used in' such modified form of valve.

It will be seen from the drawings that I form my improved valves by means of placing a slug of material between 'a cold heading die and a cold heading punch, the die being formed in the configuration of a valve head and a portion ofthe valve stem 8 so that, when the punch is brought downmetal is adapted to set. 'It should be noted that the slug 9 is slightly larger in diameter than the stem portion .7 in the die 5. a

Above the die 5, I provide a punchlO which is in the nature of a die in that it is provided with a portion 11 adapted to finish the valve top portion and vwhich is likewise provided with a counter bore 12 adapted to seat. the upper portignof the slug 9. The punch 10 is provided with a second punch 13 disposed therein and of slightly smaller diameter than theslug 9.

Thus when the members 5, 10 and 13 are brought togethenthe slug 9 will be trans formed by the heading operation of the punches 10 and 13 into a valve head 14 and a valve stem portion 15. The valve stem portion 15 will be produced by reason of metal from the slug 9 being extruded into the portion 7 of the die 5 by the punch 13.

I have shown a pin 16 in the die 5 which may be used as a stop pin to limit the amount of material which may be extruded into the portion 7 of the die 5 and may be also used as an ejector after the valve, head and stem portion have been formed.

The punch 10 is provided with a pair of members 17 having the points 18 on the end thereof adapted to form recesses 19, such as are found on valves of this nature, in the top 14 of the valve head. The punch .13 is likewise provided with a member 21 having a point 22 and a cross member 23 thereon to form the recesses 24 and slot 25, respectively, in the top 14 of the valve head. I have provided openings 20 and 91 in the punch 10, whereby the members 17 may be ejected therefrom should they become worn or broken. I have likewise provided openings 26 and 92 in the punch 13 whereby the members 22 and 23 may be ejected, if desired.

The position of the said die and the said punches after the formation of the valve will be more particularly seen in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

It will be noted that a flash portion 27 and a shoulder 28 are formed on the valve head in the above operation and these may be removed by machining after the valve head has been formed and at the same time that the portion 29 caused by the welding of a stem 30 to the portion 15 at 31 is removed. A

It will thus be seen that a complete valve constructed of any suitable material may be quickly and easily formed by the combined cold heading and extruding process in an automatic cold heading machine sueh'as is well known to those skilled in the art.

I desire it to be understood that neither the machine nor the slug placed in the machine to make the valve top are heated before or during the forming operation, and that the word cold as used in the term cold heading and cold slug means the ordinary temperature to which work may be subjected, that is, the temperature of the place where the machine .is located, plus the temperature caused by use or working of the machine and the weather temperatures.

As a modified form, I have shown a die 32 having a pin 33 therein and being adapted to receive a slug of material in the counter bore 34. I also provide a punch 35 ada ted to receive thetop of the said slug 36 and aving a tapered portion thereon. A second punch 37 is provided therein formed with a tapering portion 38 at its lower end so that when the said die and the said punches are brought together, a valve head -will be formed in accordance with the configuration of the die but wherein the valve head will be hollowed out as is shown at 39 by reason of the action of the tapered portions 80 and 38 of the punches 35 and 37 upon the material 'and likewise the portion 40 thereof will be formed by the extruding of metal caused by the force of the punch 37. The flash 41 leftin the head 42 by reason of the counter bore 34 may be removed leaving a smooth surface in the hollowed out portion of the head. The radius 43 formed in the bottom of said hollowed out portion can easily be used as a ball socket center in subsequent grinding operations and the head as a hole is much lighter because of its concave construction than the head described in the preferred form and is therefore better adapted to some purposes.

It will be noted that the valve head formed by the last mentioned process is provided with a relatively short portion 40 to which a valve stem is to be annexed and that the diameter of the end of the said portion 40 adjacent to valve stem is relatively large.

I have shown a valve stem 44 formed by a cold heading operation as disclosed in Fig. 10 and having an enlarged head 45 on the end thereof to which a valve head is to be welde as at 46. It will be noted that both the head 45 and the head portion to which it is welded at 46 are con siderably lar er thanthe valve stem proper. I have foun this enlarged portion for the welding joint to have many advantages, particularly in adding additional strength and security at the joint.

The valve stem 44 is formed as will be seen from Fig. 10 by inserting a piece of metal 47, which may originally be in coil form, in a die 48, the metal being of smaller diameter than the die. A punch 49 is then forced downwardly u on the end of the metal 47 so as to cause t e metal 47 to fill out the die 48 and thereby regulate the size which it is to take. At the same time, the head 45 will be formed thereon by the opening 93 in the punch 49 as is shown in dotted lines in Fig, 10. a Y

I have found that this method of forming valve stems has many advantages, particularly in that coil stock may be used and the size of the stem regulated as shown at the same time that the head 45-is formed thereon.

It is obvious that various changes may be ortion 40 of the in placing a cold slug between a heading die and a heading punch and then simultaneously, in one operation, heading the slug to form the head and extruding a portion of the slug to form the valve stem portion.

2. The method of forming a valve head and a portion of a valve stem which consists in locating a cold slug incounterbores on a separated headin punch and heading die, then bringing sai punch and die toward each other to simultaneously, in one opera tion, head the slug and cause extrusion of metal thru an opening in the die to form the stem portion.

3. The method of forming a valve head and. a portion of a valve stem which consists in placin a cold slug of metal between a heading ie and two heading unches and then bringin said die and sai punches toward each ot er to form the valve head and to extrude by the aid of one of said punches the stem portion through a central opening in said die,

4. The method of making valves, which consists of disposing a piece of metal in a die whose bore is of larger diameter than the diameter of said metal, then striking the top of said metal to causeit to fill in the bore of the die and at the same time forming a headon the metal, said metal so formed comprising the valve stem and then securing a valve head to the head on said stem;

5. The method of. making valves, which consists of disposing a piece of metal in a die whose bore is of larger diameter than the diameter'of said metaL-then striking the top of said metal to cause it to fill in the bore of the die and at the same time forming a head on the metal, said metal so formed comprising the valve stem and then securing a valve head to the head on said stem, the area of the valve head and stem head at the securing point being substantially equal.

6. The method of forming a valve headwhich consists. in placing a cold slug of metal between a die and two punches and then bringing the die and the punches toward each other to head the slug into a concave valve head and to extrude the bottom portion thereof by the aid of one of the said punches.

' ARVIN o. WEBSTER, 

